Journey to Italy (1954)

Director Roberto Rossellini with Ingrid Bergman and George Sanders

It took me a while – even as long as the next day – to appreciate this film. The characters are not sympathetic – the private faces behind charming social façades – and the scenes and dialogue are somehow jarring and ill at ease. But I guess that’s the point.

A couple, obliged to spend time together on their own in a foreign land, discover that they have grown apart and maybe don’t even like each other any more. They are disoriented – in their surroundings and in their marriage. Lots of stereotypes: uptight northern Europeans encounter the land of voluble Mediterraneans. The beautiful, sunny south, full of fecundity and the inevitability of death. She is touched by a sense of history and past lives and regrets not having had a child; he is cynical and arrogant, attempting to have a fling but being rejected/rejecting the chance. The climax is a visit to Pompeii to watch the unearthing of a couple who died in each other’s arms 2,000 years before (very “Arundel Tomb”); as they return to Naples, discussing divorce, they are held up in a religious procession where their own personal miracle takes place.

And then the film grew on me. The way the landscapes and the ancient sites are used to affect and reflect the characters’ emotions. Why should they be portrayed as sympathetic when we see them at their most private and conflicted, immersed in tedium and unhappiness? The dialogue seems stilted – but real interlocution is not scripted. It made me think of Antonioni – even to the way the female character (usually Monica Vitti) is suspended between the timeless natural world and the superficial social whirl.

Stromboli (Land of God) (1950)

Director Roberto Rossellini with Ingrid Bergman and Mario Vitale

When I first used to visit the Mani in the southern Peloponnese – before it was underwent cosmetic surgery – I read Peter Greenhalgh’s book and went in search of the churches and mosaics and the entrance to Hades(!). I loved doing that, but even then I felt that living amongst those hostile towers and prickly pears in a traditional way would have been unbearable – perhaps even for those born there. You’d have to be Patrick Leigh Fermor to make it work. The Italian island of Stromboli looked very similar, but with the added horror of no roads to carry you away.

And so to the film: my engagement with it wavered, but it was always interesting. Italian neo-realism again: non-professional actors (which showed), real locations and real lives, quasi-documentary elements, characters formed by particular circumstances. The initial circumstance was an Italian camp for displaced persons, which the Bergman character – a Lithuanian (which gave a real sense of how the war had shaken up the whole of the continent as if it were no more than a snow globe) – was desperately trying to leave. Her first choice was via a visa to Argentina, for which she was rejected; her second was via marriage to Antonio, a very young soldier from Stromboli whom she barely knew.

Reader, she married him. And regretted it as soon as she saw Stromboli: poor, rocky, barren and in the shadow of an active volcano. The island women disapproved of her (trousers!) and she found it primitive; anyone who had the chance emigrated. She tries to adapt, she fails, she tries to escape by walking across the island, passing the volcano, to the small port on the other side. En route she loses everything, calls on God to help her, and the film leaves her on the volcano ready to face . . . what? The sudden introduction of a mystical element felt odd, but in other ways it was powerful film-making. The scene of the volcano erupting, when everyone runs to the sea to spend the night in boats to wait for it to settle down again. The scene of the mattanza – a tuna massacre, which lends credence to the theory that early human beings were largely responsible for the disappearance of mega fauna on the continents they colonised.

I compared it to The Edge of the World, which was less agonised (less Roman Catholic?) and more elegiac, as I recall.